Editorial |
Corresponding author: Andreas Seiler ( andreas.seiler@slu.se ) Academic editor: Klaus Henle
© 2015 Andreas Seiler, Jan-Olof Helldin.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Seiler A, Helldin J-O (2015) Greener transport infrastructure – IENE 2014 International Conference. In: Seiler A, Helldin J-O (Eds) Proceedings of IENE 2014 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation, Malmö, Sweden. Nature Conservation 11: 5–12. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.11.5458
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Transportation and infrastructure are recognised as significant drivers in the global loss of biodiversity. Their impacts on nature are well described (
The overall impact of transport infrastructure on nature is evident, but there are means to minimise the pressure, to adjust infrastructure facilities and, to some degree, introduce beneficial services for wildlife (
To meet these demands, communities of practice have formed in several parts of the world (
The Infra Eco Network Europe is a formalized network of mainly, but not exclusively, European authorities, institutes and individual experts working with the impacts of transport and infrastructure on nature and their mitigation (
IENE national workshops and biannual international conferences on ecology and transportation provide recurring interdisciplinary forums for these activities. The conferences aim at presenting cutting-edge research, identifying urgent questions and problems, discussing effective solutions, and outlining the paths for upcoming activities in transport and infrastructure ecology.
The IENE 2014 International Conference brought together more than 200 professionals in the field of transportation, infrastructure and ecology, from 35 countries worldwide. With over 130 presentations and 6 workshops, the conference addressed the global ambition to achieve a “greener” and more ecologically sustainable transport infrastructure. Greener infrastructure stands for transport facilities that are well adapted to the ecological conditions of the surrounding landscape. The ambition for a greener infrastructure is expressed through striving for a wiser use of marginal infrastructure habitats to favour biodiversity and ecosystem services, for reduced disturbance and pollution by traffic, and for more permeable transport corridors that are safe for both humans and wildlife, and while acknowledging that not all impacts can be avoided and that certain areas must be kept roadless.
This thematic issue of Nature Conservation compiles a selection of papers from the IENE 2014 conference. The following papers constitute a sample of the width of topics addressed in conference presentations and workshops, all aiming at providing guidance for management and conservation (see
Many contributions to the conference dealt with the immediate conflict between traffic and wildlife. The presentations covered topics such as traffic safety and economic perspectives, wildlife management and conservation concerns, as well as challenges for effective reporting, registration and mitigation. In the focus of this work were often ungulates, as they combine wildlife management, safety, and economic issues (see also
A critical issue in wildlife accident statistics is the sometimes rather poor quality of data obtained from hunters, insurance companies or police. New technical development, however, allows for the involvement of first-hand reports from drivers (see also
Another promising technical development are automated animal detection systems that intend to warn vehicle drivers when animals approach the road (see also
Physical crossing structures may however be needed at certain location, to separate wildlife from traffic in a permanent manner and allow for safe passages for both animals and humans (see
As technical solutions to overcome the negative impacts of transport infrastructure and to maintain ecological connectivity typically have a rather local effect, it is important to plan them in a concerted action and in context of the surrounding landscape. Several countries have therefore developed comprehensive defragmentation plans (e.g.,
Similarily,
The two final contributions to this thematic issue from the IENE 2014 conference take a contrary perspective to the previous by focusing on the positive potentials for nature conservation that are provided by habitats in infrastructure corridors. If managed appropriately, such habitats can sustain a variety of plant and animal life, including several endangered species, that may otherwise not be able to survive in the surrounding landscape (
As the contributions to this thematic issue as well as other conference contributions show, a “greener transport infrastructure” can be achieved by effective mitigation of adverse effects and wise use of habitats managed within transportation corridors and facilities. However, it is also evident that not all negative impacts can be mitigated or compensated for. There will always be a residual and detrimental effect on nature. It is therefore only logical to conclude that in certain areas, where these residual effects are not acceptable, construction of transport facilities should be entirely avoided. Such areas need to remain (or become again) roadless to provide sufficient undisturbed space for nature conservation (
To conclude, the IENE 2014 International Conference has highlighted the ecological and social benefits of roadless areas, outlined solutions for how transportation infrastructure can be developed without compromising these benefits. The conference and has also pointed out that the transport sector is able and willing to implement these solutions for a greener transport infrastructure.
The IENE International Conference 2014 was held at Malmö University, Sweden in 16-19 September. The conference was funded by the Swedish Transport Administration in cooperation with the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the Danish Road Directorate and Calluna AB. We are grateful to Anders Sjölund and Lars Nilsson at the Swedish Transport Administration who were cardinal in securing the basic funding for the conference. We acknowledge the contributions from the IENE Steering Committee, from the conference Programme Committee, and not least, from all participants making this conference a success. The financiers did not influence the selection of presentations for the conference, nor the selection of papers to this issue, nor any details in the papers presented.