Summary of the number of observations by outcomes and risks of bias for all taxa. ‘L’ low risk of bias, ‘M’ medium risk of bias, ‘H’ high risk of bias, ‘•’ no data.

 
 
  Part of: Lafitte A, Sordello R, Legrand M, Nicolas V, Obein G, Reyjol Y (2023) Does a flashing artificial light have more or conversely less impacts on animals than a continuous one? A systematic review. Nature Conservation 54: 149-177. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.54.102614