Significant differences in diversity and cover of phanerophytes in grasslands with low and high management complexity and different management types. Only models with minimum R2LR ≥ 0.100 fit (see Tables 2–4) and significant differences (Appendices 4–6) were selected for inclusion. Significance of differences between groups is based on the LMER Tukey post hoc tests. Significant differences (p < 0.05) between factor levels are indicated by letters (‘a’ and ‘b’) above the boxplots. Non-significant differences are indicated by the letters ‘ab’.