The 5 electrified barriers at the 4 vehicle access points (a–e) and along US Hwy 93 (f) a The electrified swing gate (4.88 m wide, 1.37 m tall, about 18 cm gap between ground and bottom of gate). The wires are mounted at 15, 48, 97, and 140 cm above the ground. Installed at access point 2 b A drive-through bump-gate (not modified) (about 4.88 m wide, about 91 cm tall), with vertical electrified wires. The orange horizontal pole is metal and carries current. The green horizontal part is fiberglass and does not carry current. Installed at access points 1 and 4 c A modified drive-through bump-gate (with conductive netting) (about 4.88 m wide, about 91 cm tall), with vertical electrified wires and custom conductive netting (about 61 cm high) attached. Installed at access point 4 d The drive-over wires, about 4.34 m wide (post-post) and 3.10 m long. The 18 drive-over wires are about 18 cm above the ground and the gaps between the wires vary between 13-30 cm. There are “side-board” wires that angle toward the ground from the post along the sides of the barrier to reduce the likelihood of an animal bypassing the drive-over wires. However, these “side-boards” do not cover the full length of the barrier. Installed at access point 3 e The drive-over mat, about 4.34 m wide (post-post) and about 3.05 m long. On the far side, the habitat side, there is metal mesh on the ground, connected to a grounding rod (about 61 cm wide). This is followed by 8 sections of 25-28 cm wide expanded metal sheeting (alternating positive and negative (ground)) mounted on wooden planks. This drive-over mat is powered by its own solar panel, battery and energizer. Installed at access point 3 f The drive-over mat, about 7.36 m wide (post-post) and about 2.44 m long, installed at a gap in a wildlife fence for a low volume access road along US Hwy 93. The mat is positioned on a wildlife guard (bridge grate material). On the far side, the habitat side, the animals first encounter bridge grate material (about 66 cm wide) that is connected to a grounding rod. This is followed by a wooden ramp (about 20 cm wide) and 4 metal plates (each about out 51 cm wide, alternating positive and negative (ground)) mounted on rubber and wooden planks with about 6 cm gaps in between the metal plates, and another wooden ramp on the far side (about 20 cm wide). This drive-over mat is powered by its own solar panel, battery and energizer. Installed along US Hwy 93, just south of Ravalli (see Fig. 1).