Animal populations as source of services and disservices. The same ecosystem function mediated by animal populations may enhance (faunal service) or undermine (faunal disservice) human well-being and it can manifest directly (solid arrows) or indirectly (dashed arrows).

 
 
  Part of: Gutierrez-Arellano C, Mulligan M (2018) A review of regulation ecosystem services and disservices from faunal populations and potential impacts of agriculturalisation on their provision, globally. Nature Conservation 30: 1-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.30.26989