Study site

Data sources and sampling

Data processing

Historical context of participatory initiatives in the governance of YBR

Who are the actors managing YBR that are recognized by the local communities

Limited local involvement in participatory initiatives

Local communities dissatisfied with participatory project initiatives

Low sustainability of project achievements

Local communities marginalized during the design and implementation of local development projects

Yangambi Biosphere Reserve – between state and customary ownership

Mixed social representation on the management of the YBR by the State and its partners

A local culture hostile to the appropriation of development initiatives