Descriptive statistics of recreation threshold articles. Summary of a ecosystem types b recreation activities and c disturbance variables of articles that identified an effect threshold. Several papers studied more than one ecosystem, recreation activity or disturbance variable, therefore, percentages in one plot sum to greater than 100%. Aquatic recreation only included those water-based activities that effected wildlife on land. Disturbance variable distance to trail included all forms of recreation (e.g. motorised, non-motorised and dogs allowed and not allowed) and infrastructure referred to density of human built strucutres.